读刘绍宽《题刘来韶先生三世授经图》
<div class="wx_rich_media_content" id="jsWxContainer"><p><span yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'times="" new="" roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;'="">《题刘来韶先生三世授经图》</span><span yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'times="" new="" roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;'=""><o:p></o:p></span></p><p><span yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'times="" new="" roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;'="">易斋不愧犁眉子，盘谷文章老更腴。</span><span yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'times="" new="" roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;'=""><o:p></o:p></span></p><p><span yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'times="" new="" roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;'="">五百年来看继起，又传三世授经图。</span><span yes';font-family:calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:'times="" new="" roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;'=""><o:p></o:p></span></p><p><span yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'times="" new="" roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;'="">刘绍宽日记关联材料：</span><span yes';font-family:calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:'times="" new="" roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;'=""><o:p></o:p></span></p><p><span yes';font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:'times="" new="" roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;'="">1917五月</span><span yes';font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:'times="" new="" roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;'="">十三日，廿三日乙卯，阴雨。改《刘来韶传》。致青田刘祝群函。</span><span yes';font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:'times="" new="" roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;'=""><o:p></o:p></span></p><p><span yes';font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:'times="" new="" roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;'="">刘祝群日记关联材料：</span><span yes';font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:'times="" new="" roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;'=""><o:p></o:p></span></p><p><span yes';font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:'times="" new="" roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;'="">1919.12.18</span><span yes';font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:'times="" new="" roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;'=""><o:p></o:p></span></p><p><span yes';font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:'times="" new="" roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;'=""><span style='font-family:宋体;'>松君兄于林同庄处，借观《先文成公三世授经图》，用照影印成。（《刘绍宽》</span><span style='font-family:宋体;'>370页）</span></span><span yes';font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:'times="" new="" roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;'=""><o:p></o:p></span></p><p><span yes';font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:'times="" new="" roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;'="">1920.12.30.</span><span yes';font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:'times="" new="" roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;'=""><o:p></o:p></span></p><p><span yes';font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:'times="" new="" roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;'="">《蓬莱墓表》：府君讳凤仪，字来韶，号曰醒斋。为先文成公十九世孙。</span><span yes';font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:'times="" new="" roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;'=""><o:p></o:p></span></p><p><span yes';font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:'times="" new="" roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;'="">其他材料：</span><span yes';font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:'times="" new="" roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;'=""><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style='margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; padding: 0pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;'><span style='font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0.35pt;font-size: 12pt;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;'>刘基哲嗣刘琏、刘璟、刘</span><span style='font-family: 宋体;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);letter-spacing: 0pt;font-size: 12pt;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;'>廌</span><span style='font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0.35pt;font-size: 12pt;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;'>。</span><span style='font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0.35pt;font-size: 12pt;'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style='margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; padding: 0pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;'><span style='font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0.35pt;font-size: 12pt;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;'>刘琏(1348 -1379),字孟菜,刘基长子。曾除考功监承,功试鉴察御史,后为江西布使右参政。著有《自怡集》,收诗歌九十四首,后人评价甚高。《四库全书总目提要》称:“惟七言律诗颇涉流利圆美,然仅三首。至于五言古体,居集中大半,皆词旨高雅,而运思深挚,殆於架两宋而上之。以继《犁眉》诸集,可谓不愧其父。”</span><span style='font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0.35pt;font-size: 12pt;'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style='margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; padding: 0pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;'><span style='font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0.35pt;font-size: 12pt;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;'>次子刘璟(1350 -1402),字仲,又字孟光,号易斋为阁门使,左长史并救提调肃辽、燕、赵、庆、宁六王府事,留下《易斋集》上下两卷。其集不凡。明末杨文瑰为《易斋集)作序云:“其诗小赋,情旨缠绵,言辞亢爽,侧恒而和平。序记之文,议论光伟,笔势雄健,斐然成章矣。”</span><span style='font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0.35pt;font-size: 12pt;'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style='margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; padding: 0pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;'><span style='font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0.35pt;font-size: 12pt;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;'>刘琏长子刘</span><span style='font-family: 宋体;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);letter-spacing: 0pt;font-size: 12pt;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;'>廌</span><span style='font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0.35pt;font-size: 12pt;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;'>(1361 -1413),字士端,号约斋,又号闲闲子。袭封诚意伯,封为特进光禄大夫。洪武二十四年(1391),退隐南田西鸡山下的盘谷著述《盘谷集》诗文约8万余字。《易斋》、《盘谷》两集,刘耀东之父刘凤仪早年已抄存。光绪辛丑年(1901),命耀东往瑞安孙顾(</span><span style='font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0.35pt;font-size: 12pt;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;'>孙治让</span><span style='font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0.35pt;font-size: 12pt;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;'>)先生处付印。民国世九年(1940)元月八日刘耀东去信王欣夫“士礼居”所藏的《易斋集》本寄来,与家藏刊本互校。一月之后,写毕《跋》。不久,又在杭州文澜阁手抄《自怡集》。刘耀东将《自怡集》《易斋集》分别收人《括苍从书》的第一、第二集。《盘谷集》续刻附在《诚意伯全集》之后。这样,刘耀东皓首穷经,将刘基及子孙三代四集,保存流传,功德无量。</span><span style='font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0.35pt;font-size: 12pt;'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p><span yes';font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;'="">“犁眉”一词见于刘基晚年著作《犁眉公集》。该集与刘基的《覆瓿集》、《写情集》、《春秋明经》等一起收录于《诚意伯文集》中，有明代宣德五年（1430年）冬翰林侍读学士、奉训大夫李时勉写的序言。其序说：</span><span yes';font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;'=""><o:p></o:p></span></p><p><span yes';font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;'="">“《犁眉公集》者，开国功臣诚意伯刘先生既老所著之作，故取此以为号云。”据此可知，“犁眉”是刘基晚年为所作诗文集而取的雅号，故此后人将“犁眉”作为刘基的号，与字伯温、谥号“文成”等同传后世。但因后人多谈《诚意伯文集》而少涉及其中的《犁眉公集》，因此“犁眉”之号，知道的较少。</span><span yes';font-family:宋体;font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;'=""><o:p></o:p></span></p><p><span style='font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.35pt; font-size: 12pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;'>今天我们在温州博物馆看到的《授经图》，动反映了晚年刘基致仕归后</span><span style='font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.35pt; font-size: 12pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;'>，</span><span style='font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.35pt; font-size: 12pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p><span style='font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.35pt; font-size: 12pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;'>向子孙传授儒家经典的场景</span><span style='font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.35pt; font-size: 12pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p><span yes';font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:'times="" new="" roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;'=""> </span></p><p><br></p><p style='display: none;'><mp-style-type data-value="3"></mp-style-type></p><br>转载声明：本文转载自「厚庄观学记」</div><p></p>
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